Comparison of the Biological Impact of UVA and UVB upon the Skin with Functional Proteomics and Immunohistochemistry.

Pei-Wen Wang,Tung-Yi Lin,Jia-You Fang,Mu-Hong Chen,Pei-Ming Yang,Tai-Long Pan,Yu-Chiang Hung

doi:10.3390/antiox8120569

Abstract

The skin provides protection against external stimuli; however, solar radiation, including ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB), can result in profound influences on skin structure and function, which eventually impairs its molecular characteristics and normal physiology. In the current study, we performed proteome tools combined with an immunohistological approach on nude mouse skin to evaluate the adverse responses elicited by UVA and UVB irradiation, respectively. Our findings indicated that UVA significantly promotes oxidative damage in DNA, the breakdown of collagen fiber in the dermis, and the apoptosis of fibroblasts, which leads to inflammation. Meanwhile, UVB administration was found to enhance the carbonylation of various proteins and the proliferation of keratinocyte. Particularly, raspberry extract, which has been confirmed to have antioxidative efficacy, could effectively attenuate ultraviolet (UV) radiation-caused cell death. Network analysis also implied that UVA and UVB induce quite different responses, and that UVA results in cell death as well as inflammation mediated by caspase-3 and activator protein 1/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (AP-1/NF-κB), while UVB predominantly increases the risk of skin carcinogenesis involved with oncogenes such as p53 and c-Myc. Taken together, functional proteomics coordinated with histological experiments could allow for a high-throughput study to explore the alterations of crucial proteins and molecules linked to skin impacts subjected to UVA and UVB exposure.

Highlights

Human skin is normally exposed exclusively to wavelengths less than 294 nm, while solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which contains both ultraviolet A (UVA) (320–400 nm) and ultraviolet B (UVB) (290–320 nm), might cause various injuries to the skin [1,2]
A histopathological analysis of the mouse skin samples exposed to UVA or UVB was performed to evaluate the possible damage induced by different types of solar radiation
The control skin showed an intact structure and constitution of full-thickness skin with compact keratinized cell layers, while a remarkable proliferation of epidermal cells was observed in the UVB-exposed skin

Summary

Introduction

Human skin is normally exposed exclusively to wavelengths less than 294 nm, while solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which contains both UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (290–320 nm), might cause various injuries to the skin [1,2]. The amount of UVA in ambient light surpasses the amount of UVB by 10 to 100 times; UVB radiation is more energetic than UVA radiation. UVA penetrates deeper than UVB into the skin layer and mediates damage to both the epidermis and dermis. In this regard, UVA and UVB have different characteristics and induce divergent responses in the skin [3,4,5].

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Discussion

Conclusion