Abstract
An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is an important cause of rest in athletes. In most cases, ACL injuries do not require external contact and they are associated with biomechanical risk factors that increase ACL tension. The increase of the hip flexion angle (HF) is included within these. The ACL requires cooperation of the periarticular musculature of the knee, muscle groups, hip stabilizers and CORE muscles; consequently, fatigue caused by exercise would alter the balance and put this ligament at risk. The objective of the study is to determine the angular behavior for HF before and after a physical load (a standardized training) in children between 11 and 12 years old. A non-randomized clinical study was carried out. The sample consisted of 50 soccer school students born between 11 and 12 years old. The angular behavior of HF was compared before and after performing a training session. The angular behavior was measured through the Drop Jump test (DJ), with data obtained by inertial sensors. After the exercise, there was a significant increase in HF. It was concluded that the angular behavior of HF increases significantly in both extremities after training and that preventive measures must be applied for neuromuscular control of the hip.
Highlights
The anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) is an important cause of lost days for athletes and it is the most common reason for injuries that require more than eight weeks of recovery[1]
Biomechanical risk factors have been proposed for ACL tear such as an increase in knee valgus moment, increased hip flexion and lesser knee flexion, greater ground reaction force during the fall would increase ACL tension, bringing it closer to its moment of failure[5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
Within the strengths of the research, we identified the use of inertial sensors, which are highly reliable for measuring the biomechanical variables under study[19,20]
Summary
The anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) is an important cause of lost days for athletes and it is the most common reason for injuries that require more than eight weeks of recovery[1]. The predominant mechanism is a pivot shift type injury, which occurs without contact in the support leg This mechanism is a combination of hip and knee flexion associated with internal rotation and initial valgus of the knee and, an external rotation of the tibia[1,3,4]. A study examined non-athletic and healthy adult subjects before and after a workout, and they observed that both in men and women, fatigue produced an increase in the anterior translation of the tibia[13]. These findings have not been systematically reproduced. Increased tibial translation after conducting strenuous training only on the left knee are a finding in Skinner studies[14], but this not happen when isokinetic exercises were execcuted[15]
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