Abstract
Androgenesis is potentially the most effective technique for doubled haploid production of wheat. It is not however widely used in breeding programmes due to its main limitation: the genotype dependence. Due to genetic differences between spring and winter wheat, it was assumed that both phenotypes are different in their capacity to conduct androgenesis. And so, the aim of this investigation was to verify the effectiveness of androgenesis induction and plant regeneration of spring and winter wheat genotypes while considering varying amounts of growth hormones in the induction medium. Fifteen genotypes of spring wheat and fifteen of winter wheat were used in the experiment. Six hundred anthers of each of the 30 genotypes were plated and analysed. Previous studies have allowed selection of the best medium for wheat androgenesis and a combination of growth hormones that are the most effective in stimulating microspore proliferation. Therefore, C17 induction media with two combinations of growth hormones were used: I—supplemented only by auxins (2,4-D and dicamba), and II—supplemented by auxin and cytokinin (2,4-D and kinetin). Data was recorded according to the efficiency of androgenic structure formation (ASF), green plant regeneration (GPR), and albino plant regeneration (APR). The results showed that the induction and regeneration of androgenesis in the spring wheat were more efficient than in the winter ones. The spring genotypes formed more androgenic structures and green plants on anthers plated on the medium supplemented only by auxins, in contrast to the winter genotypes which were better induced and regenerated on the medium supplemented by auxin and cytokinin. The study showed that to increase the efficiency of androgenesis, it is necessary to select appropriate factors such as concentration and type of hormones in medium composition, affecting the course of the culturing procedure according to the winter or spring phenotype of donor plants.
Highlights
The potential of androgenesis in doubled haploid plant production is high because one anther contains over a thousand microspores and a new plant may develop from each of them [1]
The efficiency of androgenesis in wheat anther cultures was investigated through observation of 600 anthers isolated from each of the 30 cultivars (15 spring and 15 winter)
It was manifested by the proliferation of microspore cells and formation of androgenic structures
Summary
The potential of androgenesis in doubled haploid plant production is high because one anther contains over a thousand microspores and a new plant may develop from each of them [1]. Apart from that, a spontaneous or induced doubling of the haploid genome results in full homozygosity of regenerated plants [3]. Application of DH lines allows breeders to introduce new genetic variations to plant material in a shorter time than is required with conventional methods [4]. For this reason, in some countries, cultivars generated with DH lines have an essential position in the seed market [6]. Five years after the Glossa cultivar was obtained by androgenesis and released into the market, it was grown in 16% of the total area of wheat fields in Romania [6]
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