Abstract
Often there is a significant difference between the actually measured and theoretically calculated energy use. The deviation between the two can be a result of errors in design, construction or commissioning, due to the technical performance of building components and installations that don’t meet the design requirements. But equally, incorrect assumptions in the calculation can largely affect the results, for example the user influence that is simulated in a different way. This paper presents the analysis of data from an on-site monitoring system of two case study multi-family buildings that were deeply refurbished. It points out that the calculated energy use for space heating was largely underestimated, while there was an overestimation of the energy use for domestic hot water. The high indoor temperature and the low occupancy of the apartments were identified as the key parameters to explain this striking difference between the theoretical design and the actual situation.
Highlights
IntroductionSince the building sector is responsible for 31% of the total Flemish non-ETS greenhouse gas emissions (with a 75% share by the residential buildings) [1], the Flemish government focuses a lot on the construction sector in the implementation of their climate policy
Since the building sector is responsible for 31% of the total Flemish non-ETS greenhouse gas emissions [1], the Flemish government focuses a lot on the construction sector in the implementation of their climate policy
The total energy uses for one year of several apartments in two deeply refurbished building blocks have been analysed
Summary
Since the building sector is responsible for 31% of the total Flemish non-ETS greenhouse gas emissions (with a 75% share by the residential buildings) [1], the Flemish government focuses a lot on the construction sector in the implementation of their climate policy. To improve knowledge about large-scale renovations, the policy facilitates several research projects. In the framework of the Flemish Living Lab Projects [3], a multifamily building owned by a social housing company underwent a deep renovation between 2016-2019. This building block, abbreviated DH IV, is situated at the Drie Hofsteden site in the city of Courtrai (Belgium) and dates from the early 1970’s. It counted 11 floors with 127 similar apartments in poor condition.
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