Abstract
Chronic renal failure is one of the major cause of systemic oral malodor depending on uremia. Hemodialysis(HD) and periotoneal dialysis (PD) are the important procedures in the management of patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD). In this study it was aimed to compare the systemic oral malodor in patients undergoing HD and PD. 74 patients (40 HD and 34 PD) recently diagnosed with ESRD were selected. This study were not included the patients with poor oral hygiene and had oral malodor depending on any intraoral etiology such as caries, periodontal disease and impacted teeth. Oral hygiene index(OHI) scores of the patients were calculated in to order assess oral health. Systemic oral malodor of the patients were calculated in order assess oral health. Systemic oral malodor of the patients were evaulated using organoleptic method. All measurements were performed pre-dialysis and postdialysis (3 months after therapy) procedures. There were no statistically significant difference between the groups according to OHI scores (p>0.05). The Oral malodor scores were found lower at post dialysis measurement than the baseline measurements in both group(p<0.05). The results of the organoleptic measurements indicated that systemic oral malodor were higher in HD group (2.67±0.81) compared to PD group (1.98±0.57) (p<0.05). This study revealed that PD was more effective than HD in decreasing of systemic oral malodor in ESRD patients.
Highlights
In describe of unwanted breath halitosis, oral malodor or bad breath terms can be used
Halitosis may derived from periodontal disease, peri-implant disease, pericoronitis, low salivary flow rate, oral mucosal ulcerations, defective dental restorations, necrotic tooth pulps, a tongue coating [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
A clinical evaluation of halitosis on Belgium, indicated that 76% of these patients had oral reasons; gingivitis/periodontitis (11%), a tongue coating (43%) or a combination of the two reasons [13]. 10% of cases derived from systemic factors [3,14,15]
Summary
In describe of unwanted breath halitosis, oral malodor or bad breath terms can be used. Halitosis has multifactorial etiology; extrinsic and intrinsic factors play a role in the etiology of halitosis [1,2].Extrinsic factors consist specific food, alcohol, tobacco and specific spices Intrinsic factors consist both systemic and oral factors [1]. A clinical evaluation of halitosis on Belgium, indicated that 76% of these patients had oral reasons; gingivitis/periodontitis (11%), a tongue coating (43%) or a combination of the two reasons [13]. 10% of cases derived from systemic factors [3,14,15]. One third of patients receiving hemodialysis have ammonia-like oral odor [19]. This malodor in renal disease patients can be associated with low salivary flow rates and high blood urea nitrogen levels. We aimed to was investigate and compare the systemic oral malodor in patients undergoing HD and PD before and after the treatment
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