Abstract
BackgroundMeasurement of systolic and diastolic function in animal models is challenging by conventional non-invasive methods. Therefore, we aimed at comparing speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE)-derived parameters to the indices of left ventricular (LV) pressure–volume (PV) analysis to detect cardiac dysfunction in rat models of type-1 (T1DM) and type-2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus.MethodsRat models of T1DM (induced by 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, n = 8) and T2DM (32-week-old Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats, n = 7) and corresponding control animals (n = 5 and n = 8, respectively) were compared. Echocardiography and LV PV analysis were performed. LV short-axis recordings were used for STE analysis. Global circumferential strain, peak strain rate values in systole (SrS), isovolumic relaxation (SrIVR) and early diastole (SrE) were measured. LV contractility, active relaxation and stiffness were measured by PV analysis.ResultsIn T1DM, contractility and active relaxation were deteriorated to a greater extent compared to T2DM. In contrast, diastolic stiffness was impaired in T2DM. Correspondingly, STE described more severe systolic dysfunction in T1DM. Among diastolic STE parameters, SrIVR was more decreased in T1DM, however, SrE was more reduced in T2DM. In T1DM, SrS correlated with contractility, SrIVR with active relaxation, while in T2DM SrE was related to cardiac stiffness, cardiomyocyte diameter and fibrosis.ConclusionsStrain and strain rate parameters can be valuable and feasible measures to describe the dynamic changes in contractility, active relaxation and LV stiffness in animal models of T1DM and T2DM. STE corresponds to PV analysis and also correlates with markers of histological myocardial remodeling.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be divided into four major types including type-1 (T1DM) and type-2 DM (T2DM)
Echocardiography type-1 DM (T1DM) was associated with significantly decreased wall thicknesses in diastole and in systole while LVIDd and LVIDs showed significant increase compared to controls
In the present study we showed that: (a) speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE)-derived measurements are sensitive in the detection of diabetes associated impairment of cardiac contractility as well as diastolic function, (b) STE-derived parameters correlate with cardiac contractility, active relaxation and stiffness measured by PV analysis and (c) indices of STE correlate with the markers of histological remodeling in T2DM related diabetic cardiomyopathy
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be divided into four major types including type-1 (T1DM) and type-2 DM (T2DM). Many animal models have been developed throughout the recent decades for T1DM and for T2DM to investigate the pathophysiology and pharmacology of diabetic cardiomyopathy [5]. Our research group published a detailed report on characteristic deterioration of cardiac function in T1DM and T2DM animal models [6]. According to our and others’ findings, T1DM is associated with the impairment of contractility and active relaxation while in T2DM increased cardiac stiffness and diastolic dysfunction develops [6,7,8]. We aimed at comparing speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE)-derived parameters to the indices of left ventricular (LV) pressure–volume (PV) analysis to detect cardiac dysfunction in rat models of type-1 (T1DM) and type-2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus
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