Abstract
Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from a seminatural, extensively sheep-grazed drained moorland and intensively sheep-grazed fertilised grassland in South East (SE) Scotland were compared over 4 yr (2007–2010). Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes were measured by static chambers, respiration from soil plus ground vegetation by a flow-through chamber, and the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) by eddy-covariance. All GHG fluxes displayed high temporal and interannual variability. Temperature, radiation, water table height and precipitation could explain a significant percentage of seasonal and interannual variations. Greenhouse gas fluxes were dominated by the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 at both sites. Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and respiration was much larger on the productive fertilised grassland (−1567 and 7157 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1, respectively) than on the seminatural moorland (−267 and 2554 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1, respectively). Large ruminant CH4 (147 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1) and soil N2O (384 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1) losses from the grazed grassland counteracted the CO2 uptake by 34%, whereas the small N2O (0.8 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1) and CH4 (7 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1) emissions from the moorland only impacted the NEE flux by 3%. The 4-yr average GHG budget for the grazed grassland was −1034 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1 and −260 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1 for the moorland.
Highlights
Model DevelopmentM sively sheep-grazed fertilised grassland in South East (SE) European governments are required to reduce their green-Scotland were compared over 4 yr (2007–2010)
The 4-yr average Greenhouse gas (GHG) budget for the grazed grassland was −1034 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1 and −260 g CO2eq m−2 yr−1 ful Tier 2 emission factors need to focus on measurable or documented variables, and landscape scale measurements/top-down models would benefit from including emissions froSmosleidminEataurratlh/natural ecosystems. This paper addresses these requirements by comparing 4 yr of GHG flux measurements from nearby intensively grazed grassland and extensively grazed moorland in a temperate maritime climate and assesses the drivers responsible for spatial and tempoTrahl veariCabrilyitoy.sphere for the moorland
Ammonium nitrate was applied, but on three occasions (August 2008, March and May 2009) urea was used and once a NPK compound fertiliser (June 2009). Both sites are long-term field sites run by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), where we have studied carbon and nitrogen fluxes and pools as part of a range of national and European programmes, including Graminae (Sutton et al, 2001), GreenGrass (Soussana et al, 2007), NitroEurope (Skiba et al, 2009) and CarboEurope (Schulze et al, 2010)
Summary
M sively sheep-grazed fertilised grassland in South East (SE) European governments are required to reduce their green-. Scotland were compared over 4 yr (2007–2010). Nitrous ox- house gas (GHG) emissions by 80 % by 2050. Anthroide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes were measured by static chambers, respiration from soil plus ground vegetapogenic Tion by a flow-through chamber, and the net ecosystem ex- and CORINAIR (Core IEnvaenrttohry SofyAsitreEmmissions in Euchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) by eddy-covariance. All GHG fluxes displayed high temporal and interannual rope) IPCC activities. This is done Tier 1 emission factor ampSporscotlaiyechbneysc,sewimshpicleh, but crude, cannot acvariability. Temperature, radiation, water table height and curately reflect regional variability and monitor mitigation
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