Abstract
The Sentinel-3 series satellites belong to the European Earth Observation satellite missions for supporting oceanography, land, and atmospheric studies. The Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) onboard the Sentinel-3 satellites was designed to provide a significant improvement in remote sensing of skin sea surface temperature (SSTskin). The successful application of SLSTR-derived SSTskin fields depends on their accuracies. Based on sensor-dependent radiative transfer model simulations, geostationary Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-16) Advanced Baseline Imagers (ABI) and Meteosat Second Generation (MSG-4) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) brightness temperatures (BT) have been transformed to SLSTR equivalents to permit comparisons at the pixel level in three ocean regions. The results show the averaged BT differences are on the order of 0.1 K and the existence of small biases between them are likely due to the uncertainties in cloud masking, satellite view angle, solar azimuth angle, and reflected solar light. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining SSTskin retrievals from SLSTR with those of ABI and SEVIRI.
Highlights
Skin sea surface temperature (SSTskin) is one of the critical variables in the climate system, indicating air–sea interaction patterns near the upper ocean skin layer [1]
We use conversion functions derived by radiative transfer model simulations to convert the brightness temperatures (BT) retrieved by geostationary satellite radiometers into Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) equivalent versions to perform the analysis reported here
External comparisons of the SLSTR BTs with those of other satellite radiometers are extremely important to ensure the stability and continuity of the long-term satellite climate-related data products, which require the combination of measurements from multiple satellite radiometers, including different designs
Summary
Skin sea surface temperature (SSTskin) is one of the critical variables in the climate system, indicating air–sea interaction patterns near the upper ocean skin layer [1]. The infrared radiometers on earth observation satellites, in both geostationary and polar orbits, have provided retrievals of sea surface temperature (SST) for a half-century [2]. The new generation of visible and infrared imaging radiometers, the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) onboard Copernicus Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B satellites, provide global operational measurements that can be used to derive SSTskin, land surface temperature, fire radiative power, aerosol optical depth, etc. The SLSTRs are the fourth and fifth along-track scanning radiometers and are based on the prior along-track scanning radiometers (ATSR; [6]) and advanced ATSR (AATSR; [7]), which have provided valuable measurements to study the Earth’s climate system and improve weather forecasting and ocean studies [3,4]
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