Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation can cause human skin damage or skin aging and wrinkle formation through photochemical reactions. Antioxidative substances may ameliorate UV damage. In this study, the anti-photoaging activity of three antioxidants—ergothioneine, ferulic acid, and glutathione—was investigated after UVB irradiation of Hs68 human skin fibroblast cells. The cells treated with these three antioxidants appeared similar to unirradiated control cells. UVB irradiation decreased cell viability by 26% compared to that of unirradiated control cells. However, the addition of either single or combined antioxidants enhanced cell viability after UVB irradiation. These three antioxidants can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the UVB irradiation of the Hs68 cells. Ergothioneine showed a greater inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) performance than the other two antioxidants. IL-1 alpha was not detected in the Hs68 cells after exposure to a radiation dose of 150 mJ/cm2. Ergothioneine showed better restoration of type 1 procollagen than either ferulic acid or glutathione. Based on these results, the addition of two antioxidants was expected to restore type Ι procollagen production. In summary, these results demonstrate that the three tested antioxidants protect the skin against UVB-induced damage. The single and combined use of ergothioneine, ferulic acid, and glutathione has the potential for development as anti-photoaging materials in cosmetic applications.
Highlights
It has been shown that ERG is able to protect skin cells from
Our results showed that one, two, or three antioxidants can increase cell viability after Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of the fibroblasts
ERG, ferulic acid (FA), and GSH significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that was caused by the UVB irradiation of fibroblasts, and two mixed antioxidants were the most effective, especially the E50 + F100 and F100 + G100 groups
Summary
Long-term or large-scale exposure to these environmental factors can cause skin damage, skin cell death, skin aging, and skin cancer [1,2]. Among these factors, ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main environmental factor that causes erythema, inflammation, photoaging, and skin cancer [3]. Phyto-constituents have been suggested as potential sources for sunscreens due to their UVB absorption capacity and strong antioxidant properties [4,5,6,7,8].
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