Abstract

This study compared the simulated workplace protection factors (SWPFs) between NIOSH-approved N95 respirators and P100 respirators, including two models of filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) and two models of elastomeric half-mask respirator (EHR), against sodium chloride particles (NaCl) in a range of 10 to 400 nm.Twenty-five human test subjects performed modified OSHA fit test exercises in a controlled laboratory environment with the N95 respirators (two FFR models and two EHR models) and the P100 respirators (two FFRs and two EHRs). Two Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPS) were used to measure aerosol concentrations (in the 10–400 nm size range) inside (Cin) and outside (Cout) of the respirator, simultaneously. SWPF was calculated as the ratio of Cout to Cin. The SWPF values obtained from the N95 respirators were then compared to those of the P100 respirators.SWPFs were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) between N95 and P100 class respirators. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of the SWPFs for the N95 respirators were much lower than those for the P100 models. The N95 respirators had 5th percentiles of the SWPFs > 10. In contrast, the P100 class was able to generate 5th percentiles SWPFs > 100. No significant difference was found in the SWPFs when tested against nano-size (10 to 100 nm) and large-size (100 to 400 nm) particles.Overall, the findings suggest that the two FFRs and two EHRs with P100 class filters provide better performance than those with N95 filters against particles from 10 to 400 nm, supporting current OSHA and NIOSH recommendations.

Highlights

  • Nanoparticles are defined as particles having at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm[1]

  • [Figure 1] presents the simulated workplace protection factors (SWPFs) values offered by the N95 and P100 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) respirators against nanoparticles (10 to 100 nm)

  • For both FFR_A and FFR_B, the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of the SWPFs obtained from N95 FFRs were consistently lower than those produced by P100 FFRs

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Summary

Introduction

Nanoparticles are defined as particles having at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm[1]. Nanoparticles are produced by both natural (incidental nanoparticles) and industrial processes (engineered nanoparticles)[2]. Engineered nanoparticles are materials deliberately synthesized to have unique physical or chemical properties that allow them to be useful for specific applications. Recent studies have reported the presence of both incidental and engineered nanoparticles in a variety of workplaces[3,4]. Received date: June 16, 2015 Accepted date: July 3, 2015 Published date: July 9, 2015.

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