Abstract
This study presents an evaluation of semi-empirical single-point wall pressure spectrum models by comparing model predictions with wind tunnel and flight test data. The mean squared error was used to compare the power spectral density of the wall pressure fluctuations predicted by semi-empirical models with a large amount of experimental data. Results show that the models proposed by Goody and Smol’yakov have the lowest mean squared error when predicting the power spectral density for wind tunnel experiments and the Rackl and Weston model has the lowest mean squared error when predicting the power spectral density for flight test data. In addition, although current studies of the power spectra obtained in the wind tunnel are similar, they are not generally an accurate representation of flight test experiments.
Highlights
Pressure fluctuations caused by the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) in fluid flows are a source of noise and vibration
The comparison between models and the different experiments was done by determining the mean squared error (MSE) between the power spectral density (PSD) of the wall pressure fluctuations predicted by the semi-empirical single point models and the PSD of wall pressure fluctuations measured in each of the experiments
Existing semi-empirical models have been compared with experimental flight tests and wind tunnel data to better understand what methods of prediction are effective for determining the wall pressure fluctuation PSD
Summary
Pressure fluctuations caused by the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) in fluid flows are a source of noise and vibration. In 1962, Willmarth and Wooldridge were the first to comprehensively measure the pressure fluctuations in the turbulent boundary layer of a wind tunnel by placing pressure transducers flush with the flow through the test section [4] They were the first to notice that the power spectral density (PSD) of the wall pressure fluctuations was found to scale with certain flow parameters such as the free stream velocity and the boundary-layer displacement thickness. They found that the energy density of the wall pressure fluctuations was highest at low frequencies and that it decayed with higher frequencies. The slope measured for each region from different studies was tabulated by Blitterswyk [6]
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