Abstract
Simple SummarySelenium (Se) is recognized as an essential trace element in maintaining antioxidant status in humans and animals. Se supplementation in the diets of livestock exist in two forms: Organic and inorganic forms. The organic Se source hydroxy-selenomethionine (HMSeBA) has been proven to be more biologically efficient than inorganic Se to improve antioxidant capacity when fed to dairy cows, since its approval as a feed additive by the European Commission in 2013. However, information on the comparison between HMSeBA and other Se sources in preventing oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) is limited. The current study compared the effects of HMSeBA, selenomethionine (SeMet) and sodium selenite (SS) on antioxidant capacity and the ability to resist oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in BMEC. HMSeBA was shown to enhance cellular antioxidant status to resist oxidative damage when compared with SS, but there was no difference between HMSeBA and SeMet. The results of this study provide more information for antioxidant potential of different Se sources in BMEC.Oxidative stress can cause cell damage. Hydroxy-selenomethionine (HMSeBA) is an organic Se source with emerging antioxidant advantages. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of HMSeBA, selenomethionine (SeMet) and sodium selenite (SS) on the antioxidant response and the ability to resist oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). The BMEC were treated with 0 (Control), 20, 50, 100 and 150 nM HMSeBA, 100 nM SeMet and100 nM SS for 48 h. The results showed that HMSeBA and SeMet treatments had higher glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01) and catalase (p = 0.01) activities and mRNA abundance of GPX3 (p = 0.02), but lower superoxide dismutase activity compared with SS (p = 0.04). The catalase activity (p < 0.05) and mRNA abundance of GPX3 (p = 0.04) changed in a quadratic manner with the increase of HMSeBA levels. To assess the potential protection of different Se sources against oxidative stress on BMEC, 0 or 50 μM H2O2 was added to BMEC culture for 3 h after Se pre-treatment for 48 h. The results showed that HMSeBA and SeMet, which did not differ (p > 0.05), but further decreased malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species production compared with SS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HMSeBA showed an enhanced cellular antioxidant status to resist oxidative damage induced by H2O2 when compared with SS, whereas the effects were similar to SeMet.
Highlights
Free radicals are produced as by-products during normal metabolic activity, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
The results showed that HMSeBA and SeMet treatments had higher glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01) and catalase (p = 0.01) activities and mRNA abundance of GPX3 (p = 0.02), but lower superoxide dismutase activity compared with sodium selenite (SS) (p = 0.04)
The cell survival rate in HMSeBA100 treatment decreased significantly at 72 h compared with 24 and 48 h (p < 0.05), and there were no significant effects of culture time on cell survival rate in other treatments (p > 0.05, Figure 1A)
Summary
Free radicals are produced as by-products during normal metabolic activity, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Oxidative stress may occur when the production of free radical exceeds the neutralized capacity of the antioxidant system [2], which can potentially cause disease, such as mastitis [3]. Antioxidant defense systems, include antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animal health [4]. It functions in the antioxidant defense system in the form of selenoproteins, the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) superfamily [5]
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