Comparison of seasonal development of tuber specific gravity among seven potato clones

Abstract

Specific gravity of potato tubers provides an estimate of starch content of which uniformly high levels are important for product quality. The objectives of this study were to document the relationship between the level of specific gravity and the variability among tubers and to model the seasonal development o f specific gravity for seven potato clones. Individual determinations were made on twenty tubers from each plot using the weight-in-air, weight-in-water method on each of eight harvest dates spanning the tuber growth period. For each plot, the mean and standard deviation of specific gravity were calculated and used to define the correlation between specific gravity level and tuber-to-tuber variability and to construct a predictive model of the seasonal specific gravity developmental pattern. As the season progressed, tuber-to-tuber variability of specific gravity increased for some clones but not for others. A positive correlation existed between tuber specific gravity mean and its standard deviation for four of the seven clones in 1991 and five in 1992. Correlation coefficients were generally low, suggesting only a weak association between specific gravity and its standard deviation. Tuber specific gravity developed in a similar seasonal pattern for the seven clones. It generally started low, reached a maximum approximately seven to eleven weeks after tuberset, at which time some clones showed a tendency to decline through the remainder of the season. Quadratic regression equations provided an adequate model to describe specific gravity development for all seven clones over the tuber growth period. Statistical contrasts were used to test for differences in equation parameters, including line coincidence, line slope, and intercept. The model showed that initial specific gravity level at tuber set, the rate of early season increase, as well as the length of time from tuber set to specific gravity maximum, varied by clone and determined the level of specific gravity at season’s end.