Comparison of SARC-F Score among Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Kosuke Ushiro,Keisuke Yokohama,Kazuki Kakimoto,Toshihisa Takeuchi,Akira Asai,Masahiro Matsui,Hideko Ohama,Shinya Fukunishi,Takeshi Ogura,Masahiro Goto,Takako Miyazaki,Hidetaka Yasuoka,Kazuhide Higuchi,Shiro Nakamura,Hiroki Nishikawa

doi:10.3390/jcm10184099

Kosuke Ushiro, Keisuke Yokohama + Show 13 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184099

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Abstract

SARC-F is a screening tool for sarcopenia. We sought to compare the SARC-F scores of patients with different gastrointestinal diseases (n = 1282 (762 males): upper gastrointestinal disease (UGD, n = 326), lower gastrointestinal disease (LGD, n = 357), biliary and pancreatic disease (BPD, n = 416), and liver disease (LD, n = 183)). Factors associated with SARC-F ≥4 points (highly suspicious of sarcopenia) were also examined. The median age was 71 years. Patients with SARC-F ≥4 points were found in 197 (15.4%). Advanced cancer was found in 339 patients (26.4%). The proportion of SARC-F ≥4 points in groups of UGD, LGD, BPD, and LD were 17.5% (57/326) in UGD, 12.0% (43/357) in LGD, 17.3% (72/416) in BPD, and 13.7% (25/183) in LD, respectively (overall p = 0.1235). In patients with and without advanced cancer, similar tendencies were observed. In the multivariate analysis, age (p < 0.0001), gender (p = 0.0011), serum albumin (p < 0.0001), lymphocyte count (p = 0.0019), C reactive protein (p = 0.0197), and the presence of advanced cancer (p = 0.0424) were significant factors linked to SARC-F ≥4 points. In patients with advanced cancer, SARC-F scores correlated well with their Glasgow prognostic scores. In conclusion, sarcopenia in gastrointestinal diseases may be affected not by disease type (i.e., the primary origin of the disease) but by aging, nutritional condition, inflammatory condition, and cancer burden.

Highlights

Sarcopenia is a clinical symptom characterized by progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and muscle functional weakness that results in frailty, cachexia, severe infection, osteoporosis, and thereby all-cause mortality [1,2]
Alterations in nutritional metabolism, nutritional requirements, and reduced dietary intakes are often encountered in patients with gastrointestinal diseases [8], and sarcopenia in patients with gastrointestinal diseases can be associated with worse patient QOL, poorer prognosis, and more expensive health care costs [8,10]
Upper gastrointestinal disease (UGD) was found in 326 patients (advanced cancer cases of UGD: 108 (33.1%)), Lower gastrointestinal disease (LGD) in

Summary

Introduction

Sarcopenia is a clinical symptom characterized by progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and muscle functional weakness that results in frailty, cachexia, severe infection, osteoporosis, and thereby all-cause mortality [1,2]. Inactivity in daily life, bedridden status, malnutrition, advanced cancer-bearing conditions, and chronic inflammatory conditions frequently seen in patients with gastrointestinal diseases are typical clinical features leading to sarcopenia [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Gastrointestinal diseases are representative of secondary sarcopenia caused by the disease itself [10]. Sarcopenia in gastrointestinal diseases is an increasing problem in recent years and can be one of the major concerns in clinical settings. Patients are asked to rate their Strength (S; weakness), Assistance walking (A; with or without walking aid), Rising from a chair (R; rising from a chair), Climbing stairs (C; climbing stairs), and Falls (F; falling) on a scale of 0 to 2 from “not difficult at all”

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