Comparison of Ringer’s solution with 0.4% glucose or without in intraoperative infusion regimens for the prevention of hypoglycemia in juvenile pigs

Abstract

Juvenile pigs are prone to hypoglycemia, nevertheless they are commonly used in preclinical studies. The optimal perioperative fluid management with crystalloid solutions in such settings has not yet been studied. The aim of the current study was to correlate the perioperative fluid administration of Ringer's solution, with and without the addition of a minimal amount of glucose (0.4% glucose) to the blood glucose, and the incidence of perioperative hypoglycemia in 20 juvenile pigs (31.7 ± 5.2 kg) undergoing surgery for approximately one hour. Infusion of Ringer's solution without glucose (group Ri, n = 10) led to a significant decrease of the serum blood glucose level from 105.7 ± 27.1 mg/dL at baseline compared with 87.8 ± 31.7 mg/dL post surgery. The pigs (50%) in group Ri were observed to be hypoglycemic (<72 mg/dL). The second group received Ringer's solution containing a final concentration of 0.4% glucose (group Ri-Glu, n = 10) and showed a significant increase in blood glucose level from 104.4 ± 15.8 mg/dL at baseline compared with 122.3 ± 14.3 mg/dL post surgery. No animal in group Ri-Glu was observed to be hypoglycemic. In conclusion, we showed that even minor changes in perioperative crystalloid fluid management significantly influence blood glucose levels. In order to avoid hypoglycemia in juvenile pigs we recommend adding a minimal amount of glucose (0.4% final concentration) to the Ringer's solution given perioperatively during surgery of approximately one hour.