Abstract
The retention behavior of a wide variety of stationary phases was compared in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC). We also attempted to elucidate the retention behavior in SFC by investigating the selectivity of the different stationary phases. SFC separation conditions with polar stationary phases, such as silica gel (SL) and diol (Diol) phases, operate via adsorptions that include hydrophilic and ionic interactions similar to those in NP-HPLC. Moreover, non-polar stationary phases, such as pentabromophenyl (PBr), pyrenylethyl (PYE), and octadecyl (C18), could be used despite the non-polar mobile phase conditions, because the dispersion and π-π interactions were stronger in SFC than in HPLC. These results reflect the selectivity of the stationary phase and its retention factor, thus providing useful information for the selection of appropriate stationary phases for particular analytes.
Highlights
Similar to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is not a novel technology
Various stationary phases with different properties were selected for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), and SFC
There is no contradiction if it is considered that the dispersion interaction, which is a secondary interaction having a positive correlation with the hydrophobic interaction, behaves like the hydrophobic interaction. These results suggest that the strong dispersion interaction is the reason that non-polar stationary phases exhibit retention in SFC
Summary
Similar to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is not a novel technology. As major HPLC instrument manufacturers have entered the SFC market and innovative instruments have been developed, the number of SFC users has rapidly increased. Owing to high-speed and preparative separations associated with SFC, the change from HPLC to SFC is promising for both chiral and achiral separations. It was recently demonstrated that almost the same degree of robustness is possible in SFC as compared to HPLC by proper adjustments of operational conditions [1]. The number of HPLC users is higher than. SFC is positioned as an alternative method in cases where
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