Abstract
A retrospective comparison between two groups of patients who underwent one-step or two-step triple innervation was performed to reveal the role of scar tissue in axonal regeneration.The surgical technique used was the same in all cases, but the first group underwent a one-time triple innervation procedure, while patients in the second group underwent delayed performance of neurorrhaphies between the distal ends of the cross-face grafts and the terminal branches of the injured facial nerve.The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired groups showed a statistically significant improvement in both facial symmetry and voluntary movements in both groups of patients. Separately, the Mann–Whitney test confirmed no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the restoration of facial symmetry and voluntary movements, and the development of postoperative synkinesis. A comparison of median values for each spontaneous parameter between the groups revealed greater effectiveness of the two-step surgery, with both blinking and laughing demonstrating better results.The greater effectiveness of the double-step technique in restoring spontaneous movements strongly supports the use of a two-stage triple innervation technique in patients with facial palsy.
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