Abstract
Dental implants are widely used in the clinic. However, there remain risks of failure, which depend on the implant stability. The aim of this paper is to compare two methods based on resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and on quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and that aim at assessing implant stability. Eighty-one identical dental implants were inserted in the iliac crests of 11 sheep. The QUS and RFA measurements were realized after different healing times (0, 5, 7, and 15 weeks). The results obtained with the QUS (respectively RFA) method were significantly different when comparing two consecutive healing time for 97% (respectively, 18%) of the implants. The error made on the estimation of the healing time when analyzing the results obtained with the QUS technique was around 10 times lower than that made when using the RFA technique. The results corresponding to the dependence of the ISQ versus healing time were significantly different when comparing two directions of RFA measurement. The results show that the QUS method allows a more accurate determination of the evolution of dental implant stability when compared to the RFA method. This study paves the way towards the development of a medical device, thus providing a decision support system to dental surgeons.
Highlights
Dental implants [1] are used in clinical routine and have allowed for important progress in maxillofacial and oral surgery
When pooling all quantitative ultrasound (QUS) data obtained at 0, 5, and 15 weeks of healing time together, analyses of time variance analyses (ANOVA) shows a significant effect of healing time on the indicator ultrasonic indicator (UI)
ANOVA analysis shows that there was no effect of healing time on the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values when pooling all data obtained at 0, 5, and 15 weeks of healing time together (p-value = 0.50 and F-statistic = 0.68) and when pooling all data obtained at 0 and 7 weeks of healing time together (p-value = 0.35 and F-statistic = 0.98)
Summary
Dental implants [1] are used in clinical routine and have allowed for important progress in maxillofacial and oral surgery. Implant failures still occur and remain difficult to anticipate. Dental implant stability, which is determinant for the surgical success [2], is determined by the quantity and biomechanical quality of bone tissue around the implant [3]. Two kinds of implant stability may be distinguished. The primary stability occurs at the moment of implant surgical insertion within bone tissue. Dental implant primary stability should be sufficiently important in order to avoid excessive micromotion (higher than around 50 μm) at the bone-implant interface after surgery, but the pressure on the alveolar bone should not be too high in order to avoid bone necrosis that is related
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