Comparison of residential indoor water consumption patterns in Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen, Thailand

Abstract

Knowledge of the various microcomponents of residential water consumption can play an essential role in setting effective water supply plans and policies. However, there is insufficient data regarding the microcomponents of domestic water use (toilet, laundry, bath, and kitchen) in developing countries. This study measured the microcomponents of residential water use in Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen, Thailand, using a small accumulative water meter attached directly to each household tap. In addition, residents were surveyed to obtain information about income, home bathing facilities, and laundering methods. Results showed water consumption per capita for every use to be distributed lognormally in Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen. Water consumption for toilet use was higher in Chiang Mai than in Khon Kaen, but the study found little difference between the two cities in other microcomponents of residential water consumption. In this research, historical differences in the cities' water resources appeared to have no effect on residential water consumption.