Abstract
Locating and monitoring marine mammals near anthropogenic sound sources are important tasks with both environmental and operational consequences. This presentation describes how mode filtering (MF) or a blind-deconvolution technique (synthetic time reversal, STR) can be used to determine the range of bowhead whale calls from a single linear vertical array in a dispersive underwater sound channel. The results are based on environmental parameters at the array location, and simulations and ocean recordings of natural whale calls with a nominal bandwidth from 50 to 500 Hz. The passive listening experiments were conducted in the coastal waters near Kaktovik, Alaska, with a 12-element vertical array nominally spanning the middle 60% of the water column. It was deployed in 55-m-deep water alongside distributed arrays of Directional Autonomous Seafloor Acoustics Recorders (DASARs) arranged in triangular grids used to horizontally localize whale calls. A total of 18 naturally occurring whale calls were considered. The estimated call-to-array ranges determined from mode filtering and STR are compared with reference triangulation results from the DASARs. The vertical-array ranging results are generally within ±10% of the DASARs results with the STR results being slightly more accurate than those from mode filtering. [Sponsored by ONR and Shell.]
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