Comparison of refractive error and central corneal thickness in neonates of diabetic and healthy mothers.

Abstract

To determine the refractive error and central corneal thickness of neonates born to diabetic mothers and to compare these parameters with those of healthy neonates born to healthy mothers. This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 16 consecutive full-term neonates born to diabetic mothers and 17 full-term healthy neonates. The neonates underwent ophthalmic examination within the first week of life. Refractive measurements were assessed by retinoscopy. Central corneal thickness was recorded by using ultrasound pachymeter. The mean spherical equivalent for both eyes in the diabetic group was +2.9 ± 2.6 and significantly greater than that of the nondiabetic group (+1.3 ± 2.1 D) (p = 0.008). The mean sphere value was +2.6 ± 2.4 D in the diabetic group and +1.0 ± 2.0 D in the nondiabetic group, significantly higher in the diabetic group (p = 0.008). In both groups, mean astigmatism was less than 1.00 D, it was lower in the diabetic group, and there was no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.95). There were 2 patients in each group with anisometropia. The mean central corneal thickness in the nondiabetic group was 542.9 ± 21.9 μm whereas it was 592.0 ± 40.2 μm in the diabetic group, which was significantly thicker (p = 0.05). Our study revealed that neonates of diabetic mothers seem to be more hypermetropic compared to full-term healthy neonates; however, we did not observe any significant astigmatism in either group. Neonates of diabetic mothers had thicker corneas.