Abstract
Although selection menus are widely used for interaction, their use on 3D virtual reality applications needs to be objectively assessed. The focus of this study is to evaluate a traditional panel and a radial menu in two distinct virtual environment placements (i.e. fixed on the wall and following the users' hands). Fifty-one participants used two different menus of the four possible combinations. To evaluate the menus' effectiveness and efficiency, we measured usability (System Usability Scale Questionnaire), user satisfaction (After-Scenario Questionnaire), time to finish the tasks (in seconds) and the number of unnecessary steps (errors) performed by the users. Overall results showed a clear preference for the traditional panel menu type and the fixed wall placement of the menu. We conclude that all menu types perform well, despite different user preferences, and that fixing the menu to the wall gives users a better overview of both the menu and the virtual environment, improving their ability to perceive their actions on the menu.
Highlights
The massification of virtual reality (VR) that we have seen over the years, together with the increasing number of VR technologies and equipment, created a new paradigm to create and deliver new immersive multimedia content
An example of this is the monitor and keyboard of a computer or, if you apply this to most modern VR equipment, the head-mounted display (HMD) and its controllers acting like a bridge between humans and computers
WORK In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of using traditional user interfaces (UI) menus in a 3D VR application
Summary
The massification of virtual reality (VR) that we have seen over the years, together with the increasing number of VR technologies and equipment, created a new paradigm to create and deliver new immersive multimedia content. UI, as a component of HCI, consists of everything that allows the user to interact with the system to perform a given task or everything that gives information to the user about the state of the system [2]. An example of this is the monitor and keyboard of a computer or, if you apply this to most modern VR equipment, the head-mounted display (HMD) and its controllers acting like a bridge between humans and computers.
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