Comparison of pure inositol hexaphosphate and high‐bran diet in the prevention of DMBA‐induced rat mammary carcinogenesis

Abstract

Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), abundant in cereals and legumes, has been demonstrated to be a promising an‐ticancer agent in different in vivo and in vitro models. Because IP6 is particularly abundant in the bran part of certain mature seeds such as wheat, we investigated whether a high‐fiber bran diet containing high IP6 shows a dose‐response inhibition of 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐in‐duced rat mammary carcinogenesis. Starting at two weeks before DMBA intubation, rats were divided into five groups and fed AIN‐76A diet only or AIN‐76A diet containing 5%, 10%, or 20% Kelloggs’ All Bran; the fifth group received 0.4% IP6 given in drinking water, an amount equivalent to the IP6 content in 20% bran. After carcinogen administration, the rats remained on these regimens for 29 weeks. Compared with the carcinogen control, at 29th week, tumor incidence was reduced by 16.7%, 14.6%, and 11.4% in rats fed 5%, 10%, and 20% bran, respectively (not statistically significant). However, rats given 0.4% IP6 in drinking water, equivalent to that in 20% bran, had a 33.5% reduction in tumor incidence (p < 0.02) and 48.8% fewer tumors (p < 0.03). These data show that supplemental dietary fiber in the form of bran exhibited a very modest, statistically nonsignificant inhibitory effect, which was also not dose dependent. In contrast, animals given IP6 showed significant reduction in tumor number, incidence, and multiplicity. Thus IP6, an active substance responsible for cereal's beneficial anti‐cancer effect, is clearly more effective than 20% bran in the diet. In practical terms, intake of IP6 may be a more pragmatic approach than gorging enormous quantities of fiber for cancer prophylaxis.