Abstract
The presented paper deals with the issue of selecting a suitable system for monitoring the winter wheat crop in order to determine its condition as a basis for variable applications of nitrogen fertilizers. In a four-year (2017–2020) field experiment, 1400 ha of winter wheat crop were monitored using the ISARIA on-the-go system and remote sensing using Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite images. The results of spectral measurements of ISARIA vegetation indices (IRMI, IBI) were statistically compared with the values of selected vegetation indices obtained from Sentinel-2 (EVI, GNDVI, NDMI, NDRE, NDVI and NRERI) in order to determine potential hips. Positive correlations were found between the vegetation indices determined by the ISARIA system and indices obtained by multispectral images from Sentinel-2 satellites. The correlations were medium to strong (r = 0.51–0.89). Therefore, it can be stated that both technologies were able to capture a similar trend in the development of vegetation. Furthermore, the influence of climatic conditions on the vegetation indices was analyzed in individual years of the experiment. The values of vegetation indices show significant differences between the individual years. The results of vegetation indices obtained by the analysis of spectral images from Sentinel-2 satellites varied the most. The values of winter wheat yield varied between the individual years. Yield was the highest in 2017 (7.83 t/ha), while the lowest was recorded in 2020 (6.96 t/ha). There was no statistically significant difference between 2018 (7.27 t/ha) and 2019 (7.44 t/ha).
Highlights
Precision agriculture is a modern way of farming that adapts crop management practices to the heterogeneity of the soil condition
The main goal is to address the fieldspecific spatial variability of soil properties, microclimate conditions, crop vigor and crop yields. The development of this crop management system is strongly connected to the progression in agricultural technology, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), soil and crop sensors and more [1,2]
This study evaluates data from the ISARIA online sensor system and data from rewas adopted
Summary
Precision agriculture is a modern way of farming that adapts crop management practices to the heterogeneity of the soil condition. The main goal is to address the fieldspecific spatial variability of soil properties, microclimate conditions, crop vigor and crop yields. The development of this crop management system is strongly connected to the progression in agricultural technology, such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), soil and crop sensors and more [1,2]. The nutrition with nitrogen (N) (amide, ammonium and nitrate N) is the most important factor that affects the formation of yield and grain quality in cereals [5,6]. A higher N dose generally increases the crop yield and the number and size of grains [8] and reduces Nitrogen
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