Abstract
Denture adhesives (DA) improve the retention and stability of ill-fitting dentures, especially for older adults. These materials should be biocompatible, i.e., they cannot cause undesired biological responses and be non-cytotoxic to oral tissues. However, in vitro testing of DA biocompatibility employing primary cell culture may possibly be affected by other factors, such as the donor age.ObjectiveTo compare the cytotoxicity of three different denture adhesives when assessed in primary gingival fibroblasts from a young donor or from an older donor, as well as the release of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and the inflammatory response marker interleukin-6 (IL-6).Material and MethodsGingival fibroblasts isolated from a 30- and a 62-year-old donor were assayed for proliferation (1-7 days) and sensitivity to latex (positive control). Fibroblasts were indirectly exposed to Corega Ultra (cream), Corega powder and Fixodent Original for a 24 h period and assayed by XTT and Crystal Violet tests. The release of IL-6 and bFGF by exposed cells was determined by ELISA.ResultsWhile cells from the young donor presented higher cell growth after 7 days, the sensitivity to increasing concentrations of latex extracts was very similar between young and older cells. Both XTT and CVDE detected no difference between the DA and the control group. All materials induced higher levels of IL-6 and bFGF compared to control. Cells from the older donor exposed to Corega Ultra released lower levels of cytokine and growth factor.ConclusionsAll materials were considered non-cytotoxic, but affected cytokine and growth factor release. The biological differences found between fibroblasts from both donors could be due to individual or age-related factors. The authors suggest the use of cells from older donors on studies of dental products aimed at older patients, to better simulate their physiological response.
Highlights
Dentists often recommend the use of denture adhesives (DA) to correct prosthetic failures and to improve the comfort and function of dentures worn by patients presenting ridge resorption, decreased salivary flow, poor neuromuscular coordination, a low denture adaptability, and cognitive impairment[17]
While no difference was found between both cultures within 24 hours, a significant increase of 46% in proliferation was observed for fibroblasts of the young donor when compared to cells from the older donor (t-test, p
In this study we showed that the sensitivity to a well-known cytotoxic system is not affected by the age of the primary gingival fibroblasts donor, having very similar inhibitory curves (Figure 6), and IC50 values similar to those described for other primary cell models[19]
Summary
Dentists often recommend the use of denture adhesives (DA) to correct prosthetic failures and to improve the comfort and function of dentures worn by patients presenting ridge resorption, decreased salivary flow, poor neuromuscular coordination, a low denture adaptability, and cognitive impairment[17]. The use of DA increases masticatory function by enabling the retention and stability of dentures, minimizing the likelihood of mechanical dislodgement of dentures and decreasing mucosal irritation and ulceration[13]. Literature reports the possibility of lesions in the oral mucosa due to misuse of DA1,16, where the very composition of materials may cause adverse responses, such as tissue irritation. These are among the main reasons for pre-clinical and clinical safety assessments of such materials. Another study using the same cell line confirmed that different brands of denture adhesives may present in vitro toxicity[1], possibly increasing the risk of mucosal inflammation in denture wearers
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