Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes Between Traditional Longitudinal Incision and Bikini Incision in Total Hip Arthroplasty via Direct Anterior Approach: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to compare a traditional longitudinal incision to an oblique “bikini” incision during total hip arthroplasty (THA) via direct anterior approach (DAA), in terms of the aesthetic appearance of the scar, postoperative functional recovery, and complications. MethodsThis study is a single-surgeon experience in the Chinese population. Patients who came to our institute needing a THA via DAA were enrolled in our randomized controlled trial and randomly allocated to undergo traditional longitudinal incision (control) or bikini incision. Primary outcomes were measured using the scar cosmesis assessment and rating scale, the visual analog scale for pain, Oxford hip score, and University of California Los Angeles activity-level rating. Secondary outcomes were postoperative serum markers of muscle damage, inflammation, hemoglobin drop, and implant stability. The occurrence of postoperative complications, such as nerve and wound healing, was also recorded. ResultsThere were no differences in demographic or clinical characteristics before surgery. A greater proportion of patients in the bikini group were satisfied with the appearance of their scar, giving significantly better scar cosmesis assessment and rating scores. There was no difference in postoperative functional recovery, levels of serum markers, or positioning of the implant components. Incision type had no effect on duration of hospitalization. The incidence of complications did not differ significantly between groups. ConclusionThe bikini incision can improve patients’ subjective satisfaction with scar aesthetics after THA via DAA and does not detract from a quick functional recovery. Studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to further investigate associated complications. The Clinical Trial Registration NumberChiCTR1900022870.