Abstract
BackgroundHIIT has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases. Exercise can help SUD reduce drug cravings, enhance mental health and return to normal life. However, whether HIIT can bring better physical rehabilitation benefits to individuals with SUD than MICT is unclear. The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT on the physical fitness of individuals with SUD.MethodsOne hundred twenty individuals with amphetamine-type stimulant dependence voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the HIIT group and MICT group. Both groups received training three times a week. The intervention lasted from January 2019 to December 2019. Physical fitness was assessed at the baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months, including blood pressure (BP), vital capacity(VC), hand grip, push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eyes closed and choice reaction time. The craving level was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale at baseline, 6 months and 12 months to see any change along with the improvement in physical fitness. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyse the differences in change by group (HIIT and MICT) and time (baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months).ResultsThe within-group factor displayed significant changes in the HIIT and MICT groups in terms of systolic BP (F (4,336) = 12.799, P < 0.001,η2 = 0.204), diastolic BP (F(4,336) = 9.495, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.16), VC (F(4,336) = 18.121, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.177), hand grip (F(4,336) = 34.815, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.293), sit-and-reach (F(4,336) = 13.871, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.142), push-up (F(4,336) = 28.805, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.255), one-leg standing with eyes closed (F(4,336) = 14.495, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.156) and choice reaction time (F(4,336) = 20.603, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.197). The craving level decreased after 12 months of intervention in both groups (F(2,168) = 11.25, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.118), but no significant differences in physical fitness and craving level were found in between groups and the interactions of group × time.ConclusionsAfter 12 months of intervention, physical fitness improved while craving level decreased in the two groups. These findings suggest that both HIIT and MICT have positive effects on individuals with SUD in terms of physical fitness.Trial registrationChiCTR1900022158 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: Registered 27th March, 2019.
Highlights
high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases
The outcomes of physiological and physical fitness including blood pressure (BP), vital capacity (VC), push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eyes closed, choice reaction time (CRT) and hand grip were assessed at the baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months
During 12 months of exercise intervention, the HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) groups exhibited a significant improvement in VC, grip strength, push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eyes closed and CRT
Summary
HIIT has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases. Exercise can help SUD reduce drug cravings, enhance mental health and return to normal life. The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT on the physical fitness of individuals with SUD. Substance use disorder (SUD) is a highly destructive, chronic and relapsing disease that brings adverse consequences to society and the individuals with SUD, requiring more effective treatment methods [1]. As a result of long-term drug abuse, individuals with SUD suffer from serious physical and psychological damage, leading to the occurrence of various chronic diseases and complications [2]. Effective physical health education and exercise guide are the best carriers to promote the integration of an individual’s body and mind, to realise ‘strengthening the body and civilised the spirit’, to improve the recovery rate of drug withdrawal and to reduce the relapse rate [5]. Exercise has become one of the promising intervention methods for SUD because it is economical and produces long-term effects
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