Abstract
This study investigated the phenolic compounds of 15 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. ‘Hangbaiju’, including 6 ‘Duoju’ and 9 ‘Taiju’, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activities of these ‘Hangbaiju’ were estimated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Results show that a total of 14 phenolic compounds were detected in these flowers, including 3 mono-caffeoylquinic acids, 3 di-caffeoylquinic acids, 1 phenolic acid and 7 flavonoids. ‘Duoju’ and ‘Taiju’ possess different concentrations of phenolic compounds, and ‘Taiju’ exhibits higher caffeoylquinic acids and stronger antioxidant activities than ‘Duoju’. Caffeoylquinic acids show a strong correlation with the antioxidant activities of the samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals an obvious separation between ‘Duoju’ and ‘Taiju’, using phenolic compounds as variables. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, luteolin and acacetin were found to be the key phenolic compounds to differentiate ‘Duoju’ from ‘Taiju’.
Highlights
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat belongs to the family Asteraceae, and most of these flowering plants are widely planted in East Asia and northeastern Europe [1,2]
It is reported in Chinese Pharmacopoeia that drinking C. morifolium tea could help alleviating headache and preventing the occurrence of cold and fever [5,6,7,8]
Flavonoids used in the present study show relatively weak Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) reduction activity, which is in the order of hyperoside > luteolin > luteoloside > apigenin >
Summary
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat belongs to the family Asteraceae, and most of these flowering plants are widely planted in East Asia and northeastern Europe [1,2]. It is called ‘Ju Hua’ in Chinese, and has been used as herbal medicine in many Asian countries, including China, Japan, South Korea and Thailand [3,4]. It is reported in Chinese Pharmacopoeia that drinking C. morifolium tea (infusion) could help alleviating headache and preventing the occurrence of cold and fever [5,6,7,8].
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