Comparison of Perinatal Complications in Macrosomic İnfants of Diabetic and Nondiabetic Mothers

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic, congenital disorders, and complications seen in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) are well defined in the literature. We aimed to compare perinatal problems in macrosomic IDM and infants of mothers without diabetes.
 Methods: We included all macrosomic infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at two centers between 2017-2020. Birth history, anthropometric measurements, gestational age, metabolic and cardiac problems were compared between macrosomic IDMs and infants of non-DMs. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 Results: 156 (37 IDM, and 119 non-IDM) macrosomic newborns were included in the study. While the incidence of hypoglycemia, need for mechanical ventilation, respiratory distress syndrome, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH) were statistically similar, the incidence of cesarean section (p=0.002), myocardial hypertrophy (p=0.001), and polycythemia (p=0.019) was higher in the IDM group. While the incidence of respiratory problems and VSD was similar in both groups, myocardial hypertrophy was found in approximately in one fourth (22.2%) of the non-diabetic group.
 Conclusion: Macrosomic non-IDMs have a similar risk for perinatal-postnatal complications as macrosomic IDMs and should be evaluated accordingly.