Abstract
Hydroquinol bis[di(2,6,7-trioxa-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-1-oxo-4-hydroxylmethyl)]phosphate (PBPP), which contains caged phosphates and benzene groups, was synthesized. The caged phosphate structure of PBPP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR). The experimental results showed that PBPP had better performance than 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethy1-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane (PEPA) and pentaerythritol (PER) in water resistance, compatibility with polypropylene (PP), thermal stability, and flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant PP (IFR-PP) systems. It was attributed to the symmetrical structure and stereohindrance effect of PBPP. The IFR-PP systems reached UL94 V-0 flammability rating when the minimal addition of IFR with PBPP, PEPA, or PER was 25%, 23%, and 28%, respectively. The flame retardant mechanisms of IFR containing PBPP, PEPA, and PER were investigated by FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PBPP formed a perfect charring layer, with the high carbon content of PBPP helping it form the charring layer more quickly.
Highlights
PP is one of the most widely used thermoplastics in lots of fields, such as automobiles, electrical appliances, and as building materials, because of its low cost, good chemical resistance, and ease of processing [1,2,3,4,5]
A charring agent, PBPP, was synthesized from PEPA, phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3), and hydroquinone. e structure of PBPP was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 31P-NMR. e compatibility with PP and the effects of PBPP, PEPA, and PER on the water resistance, thermal degradation, flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant of PP (IFR-PP) systems, and the intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) flame retardant mechanism were been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL-94 test, cone calorimetry test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
It indicates that there were no hydroxy groups in the structure of PBPP. e absorption band at 3001 cm−1 corresponds to νC-H of the benzene rings of PBPP and that at 2914 cm−1 assigned to σC-H of PEPA
Summary
PP is one of the most widely used thermoplastics in lots of fields, such as automobiles, electrical appliances, and as building materials, because of its low cost, good chemical resistance, and ease of processing [1,2,3,4,5]. Metal hydroxides are another kind of flame retardant additive in PP They require high loading and have poor compatibility with the polymer matrix which have severely limited their application in PP [8]. The Borg-Warner Chemical Co., Ltd. synthesized caged phosphate melamine salts based on PEPA [31, 32]. Ou and his coworkers [4] synthesized a caged aliphatic phosphate, tri(2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicycle[2,2,2]octane-1-oxo-40methanol)phosphate (Tri-mer), from PEPA which had good thermal stability and flame retardant properties in PP. We present a scheme for synthesizing a caged phosphate structure by improving the carbon and phosphorus content and the stereohindrance effects. A charring agent, PBPP, was synthesized from PEPA, phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3), and hydroquinone. e structure of PBPP was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 31P-NMR. e compatibility with PP and the effects of PBPP, PEPA, and PER on the water resistance, thermal degradation, flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant of PP (IFR-PP) systems, and the IFR flame retardant mechanism were been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL-94 test, cone calorimetry test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
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