Abstract
Background The present study aimed to evaluate the osteopromoting ability of human tooth powder and compare it to a bovine xenograft, a synthetic material, and the DFDBA allograft. Methods In this in vitro study, 30 teeth without caries, inflammation, and infection, which had been extracted for orthodontic reasons, were collected. The crowns were removed, pulpectomy was carried out, and the samples were ground to a powder with particles <500 µm. Osteoblast-like cells of MG-63 were cultured with the tooth powder, Cerabone, DFDBA, and Osteon II. Cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT assay at 24- and 72-hour intervals. The alizarin red test was carried out after three and five days. The alkaline phosphatase level was measured after 24, 48, and 72 hours to assess the osteoblastic activity. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results According to the MTT assay, all the materials exhibited a higher proliferation rate than the control group in 24 hours. In 72 hours, DFDBA had the lowest cell proliferation rate at concentrations of 40 and 80 mg/mL. DFDBA and the positive control group were able to create calcified nodules by the alizarin red test. At the 48- and 72-hour intervals, DFDBA had the lowest alkaline phosphatase activity at a concentration of 40 mg/mL. At the 72-hour interval, bovine xenograft had the highest alkaline phosphatase level, followed by the synthetic material and tooth powder. Conclusion The tooth powder was able to increase cell proliferation in comparison with the bovine xenograft, the synthetic graft, and the DFDBA. However, its osteopromoting ability was less than that of the osteogenic materials.
Highlights
Alveolar bone defects are usually treated with autografts, allografts, xenografts, or alloplasts
The tooth dentin is an excellent source of growth factors and bioactive molecules, such as bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-β1), and insulin-like growth factor (IGFs).[5]
After 72 hours, Cerabone, Osteon II, and the tooth powder were not cytotoxic, but DFDBA was cytotoxic at high concentrations (40 and 80 mg/mL) (P
Summary
Alveolar bone defects are usually treated with autografts, allografts, xenografts, or alloplasts. Autografts are the gold standard for bone grafting; they have some complications, such as the need for a second surgery.[1] The use of bone substitutes, such as allografts and xenografts, has a low possibility of tissue damage; they reduce the time of surgery.[2]. A few researchers have tried to use tooth derivatives as graft material for the treatment of bone defects.[3,4] Tooth and bone are very similar regarding their mineral and organic structures.[4] The tooth dentin is an excellent source of growth factors and bioactive molecules, such as bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-β1), and insulin-like growth factor (IGFs).[5] Collagen type I is the most common extracellular matrix protein component in the dentin and bone. The cross-linked structure of the collagen creates a network which allows the deposition of mineralized crystals.[6]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: Journal of advanced periodontology & implant dentistry
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
