Abstract
Scaffolds stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation and play major roles in providing growth and nutrition factors in the repair of bone defects. We used the recombinant peptide Cellnest™ to prepare the three-dimensional stem cell complex, CellSaic, and evaluated whether CellSaic containing rat dental pulp stem cells (rDPSCs) was better than that containing rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs). rDPSC-CellSaic or rBMSC-CellSaic, cultured with or without osteogenic induction medium, formed the experimental and control groups, respectively. Osteoblast differentiation was evaluated in vitro and transplanted into a rat model with a congenital jaw fracture. Specimens were collected and evaluated by microradiology and histological analysis. In the experimental group, the amount of calcium deposits, expression levels of bone-related genes (RUNX2, ALP, BSP, and COL1), and volume of mineralized tissue, were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Both differentiated and undifferentiated rDPSC-CellSaic and only the differentiated rBMSC-CellSaic could induce the formation of new bone tissue. Overall, rBMSC-CellSaic and rDPSC-CellSaic made with Cellnest™ as a scaffold, provide excellent support for promoting bone regeneration in rat mandibular congenital defects. Additionally, rDPSC-CellSaic seems a better source for craniofacial bone defect repair than rBMSC-CellSaic, suggesting the possibility of using DPSCs in bone tissue regenerative therapy.
Highlights
In orthodontic treatment, insufficient bone mass, such as bone defects or bone resorption [1,2], causes problems in the treatment
The present study evaluated the possibility of culturing rat Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) using the CellSaic platform in osteogenic differentiation and nondifferentiation media
The surface antigens of rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) and rat dental pulp stem cells (rDPSCs) were analyzed using flow cytometry
Summary
Insufficient bone mass, such as bone defects or bone resorption [1,2], causes problems in the treatment. Autologous bone transplantation is the gold standard for bone regeneration, the source of bone mass limits its practical application in clinical practice [3,4]. In previous tissue engineering research, most of the cells grown on two-dimensional (2D) substrates showed simplified morphological and character changes, which caused conditions to be quite different from the natural microenvironment [6]. Two-dimensional culture methods cannot replicate cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions present in tissues [7]. To overcome the limitations of the 2D culture system, Li et al
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