Abstract
Spinal stress and its major contributor, back muscle tension, can be evaluated with biomechanical models based on the analysis of forces and torques acting on the musculoskeletal system of the human body. Postural effects due to gravity can be described by static biomechanical models (e.g. 2, 8). However, static models do not take account of the inertial forces and torques induced by acceleration, which have been found to increase the peak load on the spine by 30–60% as compared to statically calculated loads in moderate speed lifting tasks (6, 3) and by 19% when weights were handled on table level (7). These findings suggest that static models are of limited value when studying dynamic activities.
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