Comparison of onshore/offshore wind power hydrogen production through water electrolysis by life cycle assessment

Abstract

A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate three prominent water electrolysis technologies: alkaline electrolysis technology (AEL), polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis technology (PEM), and solid oxide electrolysis technology (SOEC). These technologies were analyzed in conjunction with both onshore and offshore wind power sources. The assessment encompassed four environmental factors: global warming potential, acidification potential, ozone depletion potential, and eutrophication potential. By quantitatively comparing all six methods while considering their environmental impacts, it has been concluded that the combination of onshore wind power and polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis technology for hydrogen production demonstrates the lowest global warming potential with a value of 0.0936 kg CO2-eq. This method offers significant advantages in terms of its environmental impact on the entire ecosystem.