Abstract
Objective To evaluate and compare the first tooth contact region, occlusion time, time to generate total force, and force distribution between open bite (OB) and non-OB (NOB) patients at the maximum intercuspation position using the T-Scan III system. Materials and Methods Sixteen patients were divided into the OB and NOB groups ( n = 8 for each group). The T-Scan III system was used to evaluate the first tooth contact region, occlusion time, time to generate total force, and force distribution. Statistical Analysis The mean patient age, overjet, overbite, occlusion time, and time to generate total force were compared between the groups by independent samples t -test. Relative force distributions between groups and among regions were compared by the Mann–Whitney U- and Kruskal–Wallis H -tests, respectively. A probability value of less than 5% ( p < 0.05) was considered significant. Results Differences in the first tooth contact region between groups were observed. The molar region was the first tooth contact region in the OB group, while first tooth contact was observed in all regions in the NOB group. Neither the occlusion time nor the time to generate total force was significantly different between the groups ( p > 0.05). The highest force distributions were observed in the molar regions in both groups. Significant intragroup differences were found among all regions ( p < 0.05), except between the anterior and premolar regions in the NOB group ( p = 0.317). Intergroup differences in the force distributions in the anterior ( p = 0.000), premolar ( p = 0.038), and molar ( p = 0.007) regions were significant. Conclusion Unlike in the NOB group, in which first tooth contact occurred in every region, in the OB group, first tooth contact occurred only in the molar region. Compared with those in the NOB group, the force distributions in the OB group were approximately 1.5 times higher in the molar region but were significantly lower in the anterior and premolar regions.
Highlights
Open bite (OB) is described as the upper and lower teeth being separated when the jaw is completely closed; OB is rare in the posterior segment[1] and common in the anterior segment.[2]
The molar region was the first tooth contact region in the OB group, while first tooth contact was observed in all regions in the NOB group
Significant intragroup differences were found among all regions (p < 0.05), except between the anterior and premolar regions in the NOB group (p 1⁄4 0.317)
Summary
Open bite (OB) is described as the upper and lower teeth being separated when the jaw is completely closed; OB is rare in the posterior segment[1] and common in the anterior segment.[2]. Despite controversy regarding the relationship between occlusion pattern and TMD, the pattern affecting the occlusal forces distributed to the condylar head and articular disc is affected by the occlusion pattern. In cases of the unilateral occlusion of posterior teeth or the occlusion of only anterior teeth, the direction of the force distribution would be changed. It can be inferred that dental occlusion affects the direction and magnitude of forces in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and articular disc.[11] In addition, a unilaterally overloaded occlusal force was seen in TMD patients wearing fixed dentures with disharmonious interarch relationship.[12]
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