Comparison of new irrigating solutions on smear layer removal and calcium ions chelation from the root canal: An in vitro study

Abstract

Background: The action of endodontic instruments leads to the formation of smear layer during biomechanical preparation. Smear layer removal not only enhances the three-dimensional sealing of the root canal system but also improves the dentinal tubule disinfection. Aim: With the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM), assessing the effectiveness of smear layer removal from the root canal wall using various final irrigating solutions, and to quantify, the concentration of calcium ions in these solutions after irrigation using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with flame. Materials and Methods: Forty human maxillary canines were selected and prepared and the final irrigation was performed to quantify the concentration of calcium ions released with 0.2% chitosan, apple cider vinegar, and 15% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which were then composed and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. From the middle and apical thirds of the root canal, the smear layer removal was evaluated using SEM. Results: There was statistically significant difference between 0.2% chitosan and the other solutions with regard to smear layer removal. The highest concentrations of calcium ions were obtained with apple cider vinegar followed by 0.2% chitosan and 15% EDTA. Conclusion: Nearly 0.2% chitosan showed greater smear layer removal as compared to apple cider vinegar which enhanced the release of the highest concentrations of calcium ions than the other solutions verified.