Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioactive material that forms the main mineral part of teeth, hard tissues, and bone in humans. The goal of the present study is to prepare hydroxyapatite from bio-waste materials such as fish bone and bovine femur bone at different calcination temperatures, selecting the optimal calcination temperatures and then comparing these with commercial nano-HAp. The HAp was synthesized from the bio-waste materials by a calcination process in a thermal dry and fire furnace with different calcination temperatures, heating rates and cooling rates all carefully controlled. The best results were obtained at 950°C since, at this temperature, the Ca/P ratio reached 1.6589 for fish bone and 1.7058 for bovine femur bone, which is close to the commercial stoichiometric nano-HAp ratio of 1.67.
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