Comparison of Muscle Strength, Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition between Healthy Adolescents and Those Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Isis Kelly Dos Santos,Carlos Jean Damasceno De Goes,Ricardo Ney Cobucci,Juliany De Souza Araujo,Tatiane Andreza Lima Da Silva,Breno Guilherme De Araújo Tinoco Cabral,Phelipe Wilde De Alcântara Varela,Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas,Anna Luiza Vasconcelos De Oliveira,Rafaela Catherine Da Silva Cunha De Medeiros,Jason Azevedo De Medeiros

doi:10.3390/ijerph18115675

Isis Kelly Dos Santos, Carlos Jean Damasceno De Goes + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115675

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Abstract

Background: The adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy associated with complications generated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promote impairments in physical fitness in adolescents. Objective: To analyze the aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and body composition of adolescents living with HIV compared with a healthy population of the same age. Methods: Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus databases until September 2019 and updated in April 2020. Eligibility Criteria: adolescents of both sexes in the age group from 10 to 19 years; living with HIV; cross-sectional, case–control, cohort studies; comparing with a healthy population. Mean differences and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using RevMan (software for systematic reviews). Results: Five articles were included, involving 197 adolescents living with HIV (16 to 18 years) and 185 without infection (13 to 18 years), with the sample in each study ranging from 15 to 65 adolescents. Aerobic capacity and muscle strength were reduced in adolescents with HIV, and body mass index was also significantly lower in this group. Conclusion: Adolescents living with HIV have impaired cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition when compared to their uninfected peers. However, this systematic review provides limited evidence on the differences between the physical fitness outcomes of adolescents living with HIV compared to healthy adolescents.

Highlights

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Globally, data indicate that the population of adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is continuing to grow
The results found in one study show that muscle strength was significantly lower in adolescents living with HIV; in another study, the difference between groups was detected in the muscle strength test in lower body strength
This systematic review reveals as a main result that adolescents living with HIV have impaired aerobic capacity and muscle strength, as well as a predominance of lower weight and height when compared to their peers without infection

Summary

Introduction

Data indicate that the population of adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is continuing to grow. It is estimated that there are about 2.1 million children and adolescents aged 10–19 years [1,2] who need to live longer with the virus, and have worse HIV-related outcomes [3]. The adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy associated with complications generated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promote impairments in physical fitness in adolescents. Objective: To analyze the aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and body composition of adolescents living with HIV compared with a healthy population of the same age. Eligibility Criteria: adolescents of both sexes in the age group from 10 to 19 years; living with HIV; cross-sectional, case–control, cohort studies; comparing with a healthy population.

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