Abstract
Abstract. The metric documentation of architectural complexes requires today the use of several integrated survey methodologies. This need is an answer to the morphology of the object such as dimension, geometry, inaccessible areas and urban context. These properties inhibit the use of single surveying techniques and force the integration of Geomatics tools. In addition, the metric documentation of Cultural heritage objects not always requires uniform accuracy and resolution, therefore the integration of different surveying methodologies and techniques become the only effective solution both from a technical and economic point of view. The integration, that is today adopted as normal strategy, allows also the better understanding of the benefits which can arise to speed up the metric documentation of Cultural Heritage objects and the benefits that each of the possible surveying techniques can have thanks to the integration of the different potentialities. This study starting from an integrated survey, performed whit a combined use of Mobile Mapping System (MMS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and show the results of the comparisons between the possible achievable accuracies by using a correct integration between the different used technologies and the ones achievable by using the same techniques as independent tools.The case study is the architectural complex of the Ducal Palace in Gubbio (Italy), located upstream of the most important town square facing the cathedral in a very complex but realistic urban context.
Highlights
The metric survey of complex architectural structures always requires the integration of different geomatics techniques
To allow the accuracy assessment, some pre-signalized points have been placed and surveyed by using a total station with redundant survey methods from the different vertex of the control network to be able to estimate their precision and accuracy with the least square adjustment approach. For those points a precision of about 2 mm was reached: this allow one to assume those points as more precise that the ones obtained by using automatic digital photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), and able to allow a rigorous assessment of the different accuracies achieved by Mobile Mapping System (MMS) data
The results described above, represent a contribution to those already obtained by other authors and may allow us to affirm how the use of MMS is today a reality to be considered with due attention when dealing with the metric survey of a morphologically complex building
Summary
The metric survey of complex architectural structures always requires the integration of different geomatics techniques. One of the first comparisons between laser scanner, photogrammetry and SLAM systems were presented some years later (Chiabrando et al, 2016) more concentrated on the density of the different obtainable point clouds and a possible integration of them into a unique set of primary data useful to speed up the acquisition in dangerous area. They showed that the integration of the two point clouds could give enough information to generate profiles useful to assess the structure stability of ruined building after an earthquake by reducing the risk for surveyor thanks to the speed of acquisition of the SLAM based instruments.
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