Comparison of mortality and severity in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient with and without diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

Abstract

Background. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic since it was first discovered in Wuhan, China, on December 2019. Several studies found that comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, such as diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for mortality and more severe infection in COVID-19 patients. This systematic review aims to review the comparison of mortality and severity in COVID-19 patients with and without DM. Method. This systematic review was performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) diagram Google Scholar, PubMed, and Europe PMC as electronic database sources. We used a checklist from Joanna Briggs Institute for cross sectional, cohort, and case-control studies for quality assessment. Result. We included 24 studies in this systematic review, consisting of 19 cohort studies, three cross sectional studies, and two case-control studies. All studies included were classified as good studies by study quality assessment. Most study samples are male patients with an average age of more than 50. All studies found a higher mortality rate and severe infection in COVID-19 patients in the DM group compared with the non-DM group. COVID-19 patients in the DM group have a 7.67 higher mortality risk compared with the non-DM group. While for the severity, COVID-19 patients in the DM group have a 6.07 greater risk for severe infection than the non-DM group. Conclusion. There is a higher mortality rate and more severe infection in COVID-19 patients in the DM group compared with the non-DM group.