Abstract
The Central and South American populations are growing rapidly in the US; however, there is a paucity of information about their health status. Objectives: we estimated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components from two cohorts of Central and South Americans. Methods: This cross-sectional, medical record extraction survey sampled 1641 adults from a Washington, D.C clinic. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, medical history, anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical data. Results: among the 1993–1994 cohort, the MetS prevalence was 19.7%. The most prevalent MetS components were low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (40.4% men and 51.3% women), elevated triglycerides (40.9% men and 33.1% women), and high body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (27.6% men and 36.6% women). The overall prevalence of MetS in the 2008–2009 cohort was 28%. The most common abnormal metabolic indicator was an elevated BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (75.6%). 43.2% of men and 50.7% of women had HDL levels below normal, while the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 46.5% and 32.5% for men and women, respectively. Conclusion: the prevalence of MetS was significantly greater in 2008–2009 compared with 1993–1994 (p ≤ 0.05). Dyslipidemia and high BMI have increased. Although similar components were identified in both the 1993–1994 and 2008–2009 study populations, the risks of MetS have increased over time.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of abnormalities that occur together in an individual and are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [1]
Abnormalities considered characteristic of the MetS include glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, high plasma triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, central obesity, pro-inflammatory states, and pro-thrombotic states, all of which increase the risk of developing CVD and DM [2]
We reported group differences on the largest population in our database from El Salvador in the last table of the results
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of abnormalities that occur together in an individual and are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [1]. Abnormalities considered characteristic of the MetS include glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, high plasma triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, central obesity, pro-inflammatory states, and pro-thrombotic states, all of which increase the risk of developing CVD and DM [2]. MetS is closely associated with a generalized metabolic disorder called insulin resistance, in which tissue responsiveness to the normal action of insulin is impaired [3]. Physical inactivity, genetic factors, and poor diet are the underlying causes of the MetS [4]. Public Health 2017, 14, 881; doi:10.3390/ijerph14080881 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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