Comparison of melatonin levels in saliva in individuals with healthy periodontium, generalized chronic gingivitis and generalized chronic periodontitis

Abstract

Introduction: Melatonin, is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland which activates several elements of the immune system that reduce tissue destruction during the inflammatory response, either directly by scavenging free radical, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species or indirectly by modulating the action of agents such as cytokines and adhesion molecules, which contribute to the advance of cell damage. Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate melatonin levels in saliva in individuals with healthy periodontium, generalized chronic gingivitis and generalized chronic periodontitis. Materials and method: A total of 60 patients were examined and assessed and divided into 3 groups; Group 1: 20 individuals with healthy periodontium, Group 2: 20 individuals with generalised chronic gingivitis and Group 3: 20 individuals with generalised chronic periodontitis. Saliva samples were collected from each sample and melatonin levels were assessed using ELISA, a competitive immunoassay using a capture antibody technique. Results: Melatonin levels in saliva was highest in individuals with healthy periodontium when compared to gingivitis and periodontitis group which was highly significant and inversely proportional correlation was observed between periodontal index and melatonin levels which was statically significant.