Comparison of MCNPX and EGSnrc Monte Carlo Codes in the Calculation of Nano-Scaled Absorbed Doses and Secondary Electron Spectra around Clinically Relevant Nanoparticles

Abstract

Purpose: Absorbed dose enhancement due to the presence of high atomic number Nanoparticles (NP)s has been estimated and modeled by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods. In the current study, two MC codes of Monte Carlo N‐Particle eXtended (MCNPX) and EGSnrc codes were compared by calculation of secondary electron energy spectra and nano-scaled dose values around four types of spherical NPs.
 Materials and Methods: The MC model was composed of a spherical nanoparticle with a diameter of 50 nm and mono-energetic sources of photons with energies of 30,60, and 100 keV. The secondary electrons emitted from the nanoparticle were scored on the nanoparticle surface and the delivered dose to water around the nanoparticle was tallied using concentric shells with a thickness of 25 nm. Four different elements were used as materials of NPs, including Gold, Bismuth, Gadolinium, and Hafnium.
 Results: Our results showed a considerable difference in the number of emitted electrons per incident photon between the two codes. There were also discrepancies between the two codes in the energy spectra of secondary electrons. Calculated radial dose values around NPs in nano-scale had a similar pattern for both codes. However, significant differences existed for some elements.
 Conclusion: It can be concluded that the results of nano-scaled MC modeling for nanoparticle-based radiation therapy are dependent on the code type and its algorithm for electron transport as well as exploited cross-section libraries.