Abstract
BackgroundMaternal high fat/high calorie diet leads to adiposity and bone fracture in offspring. However, the effects of macronutrient distribution in maternal isocaloric diet have not been studied. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that maternal isocaloric pair-fed high-carbohydrate diet will increase osteoblastic and decrease osteoclastic and adipogenic gene expression compared with high-fat diet in adolescent mice offspring.MethodsVirgin female C57BL/6 mice were impregnated and fed either the AIN 93G isocaloric pair-fed high-carbohydrate (LF-HCD) or a high fat (HF-LCD) diet from the time of vaginal plug confirmation until the offspring was weaned.ResultsAfter adjusting for the sex of offspring, osteoprotegrin (OPG) and Ctnnb1 (beta-catenin) genes expression were significantly reduced by 98 % and 97 % in the bone of offspring born from the HF-LCD compared with the LF-HCD-fed mothers (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 (PPAR γ2) gene expression in the bone of offspring born from the HF-LCD was 7.1-folds higher than the LF-HCD-fed mothers (p = 0.004). In the retroperitoneal fat mass of offspring born from HF-LCD, AdipoQ and LPL genes expression were respectively up-regulated 15.8 and 4.2-folds compared with the LF-HCD-fed mothers (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively).ConclusionsMaternal isocaloric pair-fed high-carbohydrate diet enhances osteoblastogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis compared with high-fat diet in adolescent mice offspring.
Highlights
Maternal high fat/high calorie diet leads to adiposity and bone fracture in offspring
Adolescence weight was significantly higher in the low fat-high carbohydrate diet (LF-HCD) than high fat-low carbohydrate diet (HF-LCD) group (p < 0.001)
In the retroperitoneal fat mass of offspring born from HF-LCD, AdipoQ and Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genes expression were respectively up-regulated 15.8 and 4.2folds compared with the LF-HCD-fed mothers
Summary
Maternal high fat/high calorie diet leads to adiposity and bone fracture in offspring. The effects of macronutrient distribution in maternal isocaloric diet have not been studied. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that maternal isocaloric pair-fed high-carbohydrate diet will increase osteoblastic and decrease osteoclastic and adipogenic gene expression compared with high-fat diet in adolescent mice offspring. The importance of the association between fat and bone in the pathophysiology of bone loss has been highlighted [4]. Mousavi et al Nutrition & Metabolism (2016) 13:69 progressive increase in adipocyte formation and decrease in osteoblast number that coincides with age-related bone loss [8]. Given the close association between adipocyte and osteoblast formation, the potential exists to prevent or treat bone loss by inhibiting bone marrow adipogenesis
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