Abstract
The present study aims to compare the maternal and fetal outcomes of parturients with and without a gestational diabetes diagnosis. A case-control study including parturients with (cases) and without (control) a gestational diabetes diagnosis, who delivered at a teaching hospital in Southern Brazil, between May and August 2018. Primary and secondary data were used. Bivariate analysis and a backward conditional multivariate logistic regression were used to make comparisons between cases and controls, which were expressed by odds ratio (OR), with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and a statistical significance level of 5%. The cases (n = 47) were more likely to be 35 years old or older compared with the controls (n = 93) (p < 0.001). The cases had 2.56 times greater chance of being overweight (p = 0.014), and a 2.57 times greater chance of having a positive family history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference regarding weight gain, presence of a previous history of gestational diabetes, height, or delivery route. The mean weight at birth was significantly higher in the infants of mothers diagnosed with diabetes (p = 0.01). There was a 4.7 times greater chance of macrosomia (p < 0.001) and a 5.4 times greater chance of neonatal hypoglycemia (p = 0.01) in the infants of mothers with gestational diabetes. Therefore, maternal age, family history of type 2 diabetes, obesity and pregestational overweightness are important associated factors for a higher chance of developing gestational diabetes.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency
There was no significant difference in mean weight gain, previous history of gestational diabetes (GD), and height between cases and controls
Observing the type of treatment to which the women with GD were submitted and the related factors, we found no significant differences regarding the use of insulin in relation to maternal age, previous body mass index (BMI), and overweightness
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency. Its incidence has been increasing over the years. The number of adults with DM worldwide increased from 30 million in 1985 to 135 million in 1995, and to 173 million in 2002, and currently this number is $ 415 million. In women, when detected for the first time during pregnancy, this condition is classified as gestational diabetes (GD), which is considered an important risk factor for the future development of type 2 DM (T2DM), and has a prevalence of 1– 37.7%, with a worldwide average of 18%.1,2. Some of the factors associated with the development of GD are overweightness, obesity or excessive weight gain during pregnancy, family history of T2DM in a first-degree relative, previous history of GD, hypertension, or preeclampsia in the current pregnancy.[3]
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