Abstract
Since there is an increasing interest in avoiding human body injury in diverse situations like crowd control or peacekeeping missions, less lethal ammunition are more and more used. In this study we focus only on kinetic energy non-lethal (KENLW) projectiles. Their desired effects on human body are the temporary incapacitation through blunt trauma. There are different types of KENLW projectiles ranging from rigid to deformable projectiles. Unfortunately, the effects of such projectiles are not really well known as it is difficult to measure the force transmitted to the human body or the related deformation. Because the potential of injury excludes human living tests, tests are performed on cadavers, animals or human tissue surrogates. Besides these tests, numerical simulations are more and more used to gain more understanding, to assess or to predict the effects of this kind of projectile on human body. In this paper a comparison based on the viscous criterion between the 37 mm rigid projectile and the 40 mm sponge projectile was made.
Highlights
KENLW (Non Lethal Kinetic weapons) ammunition has been used by law enforcement or military communities in diverse situations like controls of individuals and crowds, access denial to installations or peace keeping operations . . . The desired effects of these ammunitions are the temporary incapacitation through blunt trauma, avoiding serious or fatal injuries
The thorax deflections corresponding to the impact of 40 mm NS were lower than the ones corresponding to the 37 mm baton round and the (VC)max
Because if its high deformability, the 40 mm NS projectile nose acts like a dashpot which dissipates a part of the energy impact at the early stage of the impact process and reducing by the way the effect on the thorax
Summary
KENLW (Non Lethal Kinetic weapons) ammunition has been used by law enforcement or military communities in diverse situations like controls of individuals and crowds, access denial to installations or peace keeping operations . . . The desired effects of these ammunitions are the temporary incapacitation through blunt trauma, avoiding serious or fatal injuries. There exists a large spectrum of KENLW projectiles ranging from rigid to deformable. In this paper we will consider the 40 mm NS projectile developed by Nobel Sport [3] To evaluate these KENLW ammunitions, different injury criteria exist. For deformable projectiles, the human body (or the surrogate) as well as the projectile deform during the impact and measurements of such events are not easy. The viscous criterion (VC)max has been used to assess thoracic injuries of the 37 mm rigid projectile and the 40 mm NS one. Validation of the (VC)max as an injury criterion has been made for the 37 mm projectile [1], but to our knowledge, no validation on human targets for the 40 mm NS or any deformable projectiles is publicly available
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