Comparison of Laparoendoscopic Single-Site, Conventional Laparoscopic, and Open Nephrectomy in a Pediatric Population

Abstract

We provide a single-institution comparison of open, conventional laparoscopic (CL) and laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) nephrectomy in children. We identified all nephrectomy cases occurring at Rady Children's Hospital from July 2007 to March 2010. Exclusion criteria included redo/bilateral operations, malignancy, transplant nephrectomy, or complex urogenital anomalies. We compared patient demographics, total operative times, estimated blood loss (EBL), length of stay (LOS), complication rates, postoperative pain score, narcotic usage, and total hospital costs. We identified 7 LESS, 11 CL, and 8 open nephrectomy patients who met our criteria. The mean age of patients was 8.5, 7.3, and 4.2 years for LESS, CL, and open nephrectomy, respectively (P=.217). Operative times were 192.2, 219.3, and 127.4 minutes for LESS, CL, and open nephrectomy, respectively (P=.076). EBL was 15, 13.2, and 12.5 mL, respectively, for these groups (P=.871). There were no complications in any of the groups, although 1 LESS patient required conversion to open nephrectomy for bleeding. Mean LOS was 46.8, 36.9, and 33.8 hours in the LESS, CL, and open nephrectomy groups (P=.308). Mean pain scores on postoperative day 1 were 2.3, 1.8, and 1.6 in each group, respectively (P=.518). Hospital costs were comparable between the LESS and CL groups. The mean cost for open nephrectomy was 54.4% the mean cost for CL, however (P=.001). LESS nephrectomy in children is safe and overall comparable with CL. In our experience, no modality confers a distinct advantage except for the decreased cost associated with open surgery.