Abstract
The objective of this study was to choose a suitable anesthetic combination for use in experimental surgical models by comparing the anesthetic and cardio-respiratory changes. Fourteen healthy male sheep were randomly assigned to two different drug regimens. In Group 1 the sheep were anesthetized with ketamine + xylazine (22 mg/kg im. + 0.2 mg/kg i.m., respectively). Anesthetic combination of ketamine + diazepam (22 mg/kg im. + 0.4 mg/kg i.m., respectively) was used in Group 2. Heart rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial pressures were evaluated before anesthesia, after induction of anesthesia up to 30 minutes in 5 minute intervals and during recovery. In all sheep, duration of anesthesia induction, duration of anesthesia and duration of recovery were recorded. Quality of induction, anesthesia, analgesia and recovery were evaluated. Cardio-respiratory parameters decreased below baseline values after anesthesia induction in both groups. However, no profound effects on cardio-respiratory functions were observed during study. In Group 2, it was observed that; anesthesia induction time was longer, the depth of anesthesia was inadequate during the osteotomy stage of the surgical procedure and recovery time was longer in comparison to Group 1. Otherwise the quality of anesthesia induction, anesthesia, analgesia and recovery was better in Group 1 than Group 2. These findings indicate that both drug combinations can provide short time anesthesia for minor surgical procedures. Ketamine+xylazine combination can be used as a more suitable anesthetic combination in experimental surgical procedures such as maxillofacial surgery than ketamine+diazepam combination, in sheep.
Highlights
In the practice of anesthesia, drug combinations are frequently used when optimal conditions for anesthesia are generated
Otherwise the quality of anesthesia induction, anesthesia, analgesia and recovery was better in Group than Group. These findings indicate that both drug combinations can provide short time anesthesia for minor surgical procedures
Similar to the results of other studies, our study demonstrated that hemodynamic findings such as heart rates, respiratory rates and mean blood pressures fell under baseline values after premedication phase and climbed over baseline values after induction and during surgical intervention
Summary
In the practice of anesthesia, drug combinations are frequently used when optimal conditions for anesthesia are generated. In contrast to the majority of anesthetics, ketamine increases heart rate and mean arterial pressure, stimulates cardiovascular functions and when used as a single agent it can induce undesired effects such as Submitted 27 June 2010/ Accepted 8 November 2010 muscular hypertonicity, myoclonus, and convulsions [ ]. To minimize these unwanted and restricting effects, ketamine is administered in combination with drug groups such as benzodiazepines, and alpha- agonists. Xylazine is usually used in combination with ketamine during anesthetic applications [ ]
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