Comparison of KD-SR-01 robotic partial nephrectomy and 3D-laparoscopic partial nephrectomy from an operative and ergonomic perspective: A prospective randomized controlled study in porcine models.

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To investigate the feasibility, validity and security of a new robot platform called KD-SR-01 and compare relative merits of KD-SR-01 robotic partial nephrectomy (KD-RPN) and 3D-Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy (3D-LPN). Twelve porcine models were randomly and equally divided for KD-RPN and 3D-LPN. The perioperative outcomes, physical and mental workload of the surgeon were compared. Physical workload was evaluated with surface electromyography. Mental workload was evaluated with National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). All surgeries were performed successfully. The average docking time of KD-RPN was 6 min. The estimated blood loss was lower in KD-RPN (p < 0.05). There were no differences in all the other operative variables (p > 0.05). KD-RPN showed advantages in physical workload and was significantly superior in mental workload (p < 0.05). KD-RPN is technically feasible, valid and safe in porcine models. It's comparable from operative perspective while KD-RPN had advantages over 3D-LPN from ergonomic perspective.