Comparison of Jatropha curcas shells in natural form and treated by non-thermal plasma as biosorbents for removal of Reactive Red 120 textile dye from aqueous solution

Abstract

Jatropha curcas shell an abundant residue of the biocombustible industry, was used in its natural form (JN) and treated by non-thermal plasma (JP) as biosorbents for the removal of Reactive Red 120 (RR-120) dye from its aqueous solutions. These biosorbents were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and by nitrogen adsorption/desorption curves. The effects of pH, shaking time and temperature on adsorption capacity were studied. In the acidic pH region (pH 2.0), the adsorption of the dye was favorable using both adsorbents. The contact time to obtain equilibrium isotherms at 298–323K was fixed at 10h for both biosorbents. The general order kinetic model provided the best fit to the experimental data compared with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic adsorption models. For RR-120 dye, the equilibrium data (298–323K) were best fitted to the Liu isotherm model. The maximum sorption capacity for adsorption of the dye occurred at 323K, attaining values of 40.94 and 65.63mgg−1 for JN and JP, respectively. Simulated dyehouse effluents were used to check the applicability of the proposed biosorbents for effluent treatment (removal of 68.2 and 94.6%, for JN and JP, respectively) in a medium with high saline concentration.